Twin Capsule
A Twin Registry identifies and locates digital machine representations across an asset hierarchy:
P-101 asset hierarchy
- Enterprise
- Fleet
- Plant
- System
- Machine
- Component
- Machine
- System
- Plant
- Fleet
Each machine can own a Twin Capsule: a bounded, versioned record of identity, engineering metadata, sensor map, operating envelope, physics model, failure library, historical data, maintenance history, feature catalogue, experiment history, model registry, safety constraints, uncertainty, provenance, and documentation. The capsule is not the twin runtime itself. It is the traceable contract that tells a runtime, experiment, and reviewer exactly which representation was used.
The Phase 1 P-101 fixture populates only the typed records rendered below. Historical data, maintenance history, experiment history, model registry, and documentation remain conceptual categories; no record is claimed where none exists. Physics-model availability, limitations, and uncertainty are explicit in the capsule ledger.
P-101 anatomy
P-101 is a fictional centrifugal boiler feed water pump driven by an electric motor. Its capsule is TWIN-P101-0.2.0 and its asset hierarchy is Enterprise → Fleet → Plant → System → Machine → Component. The fixture defines eleven signals and six failure modes; those same identifiers are reused throughout this publication.
P-101 Twin Capsule
TWIN-P101-0.2.0
Asset identity
- Asset ID
- P-101
- Asset
- Boiler Feed Water Pump P-101
- Type
- Centrifugal Pump
- Driver
- Electric Motor
- Description
- Fictional centrifugal boiler feed water pump used only as a consistent Industrial Twin Lab demonstration asset.
- Hierarchy
- Enterprise → Fleet → Plant → System → Machine → Component
- service
- Boiler feed water
- configuration
- Single-stage centrifugal pump with electric-motor drive
- designFlow
- 240 m³/h
- designHead
- 112 m
- fluidDensity
- 1000 kg/m³
- hydraulicAssumptions
- Incompressible water at the stated reference density; equal inlet/outlet elevations and velocity heads. Pressures use the same absolute reference. Nominal values are rounded, not a validated pump curve.
Features
- pressure-ratioPressure RatioDischarge pressure relative to suction pressure.process; sources: suction-pressure, discharge-pressure
- flow-per-speedFlow / SpeedFlow normalized by rotational speed.process; sources: flow, speed
- power-per-flowPower / FlowElectrical power normalized by flow.process; sources: motor-power, flow
- bearing-de-delta-ambientDE temperature delta ambientDrive-end bearing temperature above ambient.physics; sources: bearing-de-temperature, ambient-temperature
- bearing-nde-delta-ambientNDE temperature delta ambientNon-drive-end bearing temperature above ambient.physics; sources: bearing-nde-temperature, ambient-temperature
- vibration-rmsVibration RMSRMS vibration for each bearing-housing channel. The fixture supplies scalar RMS levels, not waveform samples.vibration; sources: axial-vibration, radial-vibration
- vibration-kurtosisVibration KurtosisPer-channel waveform distribution-tail indicator; cannot be inferred from the two scalar RMS levels.vibration; sources: axial-vibration, radial-vibration
- twin-residualTwin ResidualMeasured value minus digital-twin prediction; unavailable until an independently validated prediction model exists.physics; sources: motor-power, flow, speed
- rolling-mean-30mRolling Mean 30mThirty-minute rolling temperature mean; requires a timestamped history absent from this single snapshot.temporal; sources: bearing-de-temperature
Signals
| Signal ID | Signal | Unit | Quantity | Location | Nominal fixture value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| suction-pressure | suction pressure | bar | Pressure | Pump suction | 2.6 bar |
| discharge-pressure | discharge pressure | bar | Pressure | Pump discharge | 13.6 bar |
| flow | flow | m³/h | Volumetric flow | Discharge line | 240 m³/h |
| motor-current | motor current | A | Electrical current | Motor control center | 168 A |
| motor-power | motor power | kW | Electrical power | Motor control center | 101 kW |
| speed | speed | rpm | Rotational speed | Motor shaft | 2950 rpm |
| bearing-de-temperature | bearing DE temperature | °C | Temperature | Drive-end bearing | 68 °C |
| bearing-nde-temperature | bearing NDE temperature | °C | Temperature | Non-drive-end bearing | 64 °C |
| axial-vibration | axial vibration | mm/s RMS | Vibration velocity | Bearing housing | 1.9 mm/s RMS |
| radial-vibration | radial vibration | mm/s RMS | Vibration velocity | Bearing housing | 2.4 mm/s RMS |
| ambient-temperature | ambient temperature | °C | Temperature | Pump enclosure | 28 °C |
Operating envelope
- flowMinimum
- 180 m³/h
- flowMaximum
- 280 m³/h
- suctionPressureMinimum
- 2.2 bar
- dischargePressureMaximum
- 15 bar
- ambientTemperatureMinimum
- 5 °C
- ambientTemperatureMaximum
- 45 °C
Failure modes
- bearing-degradationbearing degradationProgressive degradation of bearing condition.Affected signals: bearing-de-temperature, bearing-nde-temperature, axial-vibration, radial-vibration
- impeller-degradationimpeller degradationLoss of hydraulic performance from impeller condition.Affected signals: flow, motor-power, discharge-pressure
- cavitationcavitationVapour-cavity formation associated with inadequate suction conditions.Affected signals: suction-pressure, axial-vibration, radial-vibration
- suction-restrictionsuction restrictionRestriction upstream of the pump inlet.Affected signals: suction-pressure, flow, motor-power
- seal-leakageseal leakageLoss of process fluid at the pump seal.Affected signals: flow, discharge-pressure
- motor-degradationmotor degradationReduced motor efficiency or electrical condition.Affected signals: motor-current, motor-power, speed
Model and uncertainty boundary
- Physics model implementation
- Not implemented
- Model validation
- Not validated in Phase 1
- Availability statement
- No physics model is implemented or validated in Phase 1.
- Uncertainty status
- Unquantified
- Uncertainty statement
- Uncertainty is unquantified because P-101 has no plant measurements or validated industrial evidence.
Limitations
- P-101 values and relationships are synthetic teaching fixtures, not plant measurements or validated industrial evidence.
- Read-only conceptual fixture; no operational technology connection exists.
- No result authorizes automatic control or setpoint changes.
Safety constraints
- Read-only conceptual fixture; no operational technology connection exists.
- No result authorizes automatic control or setpoint changes.
- Human engineering review is required before any physical-machine decision.
Provenance and disclosure
- Asset version
- ASSET-P101-0.2.0
- Twin version
- TWIN-P101-0.2.0
- Source
- Industrial Twin Lab fictional engineering fixture
- Origin
- Fictional / synthetic fixture
P-101 values and relationships are synthetic teaching fixtures, not plant measurements or validated industrial evidence.
At the illustrative nominal flow of 240 m³/h, suction pressure of 2.6 bar and discharge pressure of 13.6 bar imply about 73.3 kW of hydraulic power. With 101 kW of electrical input, the implied wire-to-water efficiency is about 73%. The 112 m design head uses a reference water density of 1,000 kg/m³, equal inlet/outlet elevation and velocity heads, and rounded values. These assumptions make the teaching record internally consistent; they do not validate a boiler-feed application or define a pump curve. The energy accounting follows the U.S. Department of Energy pumping sourcebook (opens in a new tab).
Fidelity is use-dependent
Explore the machine in PDT
PDT — P-101 Interactive Digital Twin (opens in a new tab)
is a companion teaching application for exploring a centrifugal pump in 3D. Assembly, Cutaway, Exploded, and Sensors views connect component anatomy with sensor locations and illustrative fault conditions. Use PDT to build spatial understanding, then return to this capsule to examine identity, provenance, and the experiment contract.
PDT uses simplified educational geometry and synthetic signals. Its sensor set and model are separate from ITL’s eleven-signal fixture; a shared P-101 teaching name does not establish identical model versions or validated data exchange. The applications do not synchronize telemetry or experiment state.
Declare the model’s purpose
A Twin Capsule should not imply a perfect replica. A model adequate for testing a pressure-ratio feature may be inadequate for bearing-frequency diagnosis. Every capsule therefore declares its operating envelope, assumptions, uncertainty, and validation status. Changes to signal calibration, physics equations, failure mechanisms, or safety constraints require a new version; silently mutating a twin would invalidate prior Evidence Packages.
The registry makes assets discoverable, while the capsule makes their context reviewable. Later phases may allow capsule editing or API-backed storage, but the stable contract remains: an experiment references a specific asset and twin version rather than whichever data happens to be current.
Conceptual demonstration — synthetic fixture results. P-101 values are fictional engineering teaching fixtures, not plant measurements or validated industrial evidence.